Which statement best describes risk factors for coronary artery disease?

Which statement best describes risk factors for coronary artery disease?

• A. Regular Exercise
• B. Vitamin Supplements
• C. Low-Fat Diet
• D. Smoking, Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension, and High Cholesterol

Answer: (D)

Risk factors for coronary artery disease are conditions and behaviors that raise the chance of developing atherosclerosis and heart disease. The statement listing smoking, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and high cholesterol best captures these major contributors because each one directly promotes arterial injury or plaque buildup. Smoking damages the blood vessel lining and promotes inflammation and clotting. Diabetes accelerates atherosclerosis through metabolic abnormalities and lipid abnormalities. Hypertension strains and injures the vessel walls, increasing injury and plaque formation. High cholesterol, especially elevated LDL, leads to lipid deposition in arterial walls and plaque development. The other options describe protective or less direct influences: regular exercise and a low-fat diet help reduce risk by improving blood pressure, lipid profile, and overall cardiovascular health, while vitamin supplements have not shown consistent, proven reductions in coronary risk.

Risk factors for coronary artery disease are conditions and behaviors that raise the chance of developing atherosclerosis and heart disease. The statement listing smoking, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and high cholesterol best captures these major contributors because each one directly promotes arterial injury or plaque buildup. Smoking damages the blood vessel lining and promotes inflammation and clotting. Diabetes accelerates atherosclerosis through metabolic abnormalities and lipid abnormalities. Hypertension strains and injures the vessel walls, increasing injury and plaque formation. High cholesterol, especially elevated LDL, leads to lipid deposition in arterial walls and plaque development.

The other options describe protective or less direct influences: regular exercise and a low-fat diet help reduce risk by improving blood pressure, lipid profile, and overall cardiovascular health, while vitamin supplements have not shown consistent, proven reductions in coronary risk.