Which of the following is a risk factor for Peyronie’s disease?

Which of the following is a risk factor for Peyronie’s disease?

• A. Vitamin E deficiency
• B. Dupuytren contractures
• C. Erectile dysfunction
• D. Vascular trauma or injury to penis

Answer: (D)

Penile trauma is the classic trigger for Peyronie’s disease. The core idea is that injury to the penis can cause bleeding into the tunica albuginea, leading to inflammation and improper healing. Over time this reparative process deposits excess fibrous tissue, forming a plaque that constrains the tunica and results in penile curvature or deformity. Vascular trauma directly ties into this pathophysiology, making it the best risk factor among the options. Vitamin E deficiency isn’t a known cause of Peyronie’s disease, and erectile dysfunction is usually a consequence of the curvature rather than an initiating risk factor. Dupuytren contracture is a related fibromatosis and can be associated with Peyronie’s, but the most direct and established precipitating factor tested here is penile vascular injury.

Penile trauma is the classic trigger for Peyronie’s disease. The core idea is that injury to the penis can cause bleeding into the tunica albuginea, leading to inflammation and improper healing. Over time this reparative process deposits excess fibrous tissue, forming a plaque that constrains the tunica and results in penile curvature or deformity.

Vascular trauma directly ties into this pathophysiology, making it the best risk factor among the options. Vitamin E deficiency isn’t a known cause of Peyronie’s disease, and erectile dysfunction is usually a consequence of the curvature rather than an initiating risk factor. Dupuytren contracture is a related fibromatosis and can be associated with Peyronie’s, but the most direct and established precipitating factor tested here is penile vascular injury.