What type of granulomas are typically seen in tuberculosis on tissue biopsy?

What type of granulomas are typically seen in tuberculosis on tissue biopsy?

• A. Non-caseating granulomas
• B. Caseating granulomas
• C. Eosinophilic granulomas
• D. Fibrogranulomatous nodules

Answer: (B)

Tuberculosis characteristically shows caseating granulomas on tissue biopsy. This pattern results from a Th1-driven immune response in which macrophages are activated by interferon-gamma and transform into epithelioid histiocytes and Langhans-type giant cells. The center of the granuloma undergoes caseous necrosis, giving a cheese-like appearance. This central necrosis distinguishes caseating granulomas from non-caseating granulomas (seen in sarcoidosis and similar conditions), eosinophilic granulomas (as seen in Langerhans cell histiocytosis), and other non-necrotizing patterns. Thus, caseating granulomas best describe the biopsy finding in tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis characteristically shows caseating granulomas on tissue biopsy. This pattern results from a Th1-driven immune response in which macrophages are activated by interferon-gamma and transform into epithelioid histiocytes and Langhans-type giant cells. The center of the granuloma undergoes caseous necrosis, giving a cheese-like appearance. This central necrosis distinguishes caseating granulomas from non-caseating granulomas (seen in sarcoidosis and similar conditions), eosinophilic granulomas (as seen in Langerhans cell histiocytosis), and other non-necrotizing patterns. Thus, caseating granulomas best describe the biopsy finding in tuberculosis.